Welcome to Arizona, the melanoma capital of the United States (or at least pretty close to it). Due to our sunny days and position close to the Equator, we have a high incidence of melanoma. All that solar energy hitting our skin takes a toll. In 2022, our melanoma rate was 40% higher than the national average.

Melanoma is an aggressive and deadly cancer. It has two growth phases. In the first, the radial phase, it grows horizontally across the surface of the skin. During this phase, which may not last long, it is usually not likely to metastasize. In the second phase, the vertical phase, the tumor grows down into the body and forms a true tumor. Once it begins this phase, it is likely to metastasize.

Avoiding melanoma is best. Early detection of melanoma is key to beating this cancer, should it develop. I have had two friends die of metastatic melanoma who never knew they had melanoma until it had spread to invade other parts of their bodies. In neither case were the doctors able to find the original tumor.

Sunscreen and keeping the skin covered are the best choices for avoidance. It is important to wear sunscreen when you are out in the sun, even if you are only going out for a little while or if it appears cloudy. UV radiation is strong and its effects are cumulative. Keep your skin covered with fabrics that block UV radiation. Wear a hat, preferably one with a wide brim.

In spite of your precautions, you may develop melanoma. This is particularly true for those of us who are older and who ran around in the sun when we were kids. In this group, a bad sunburn that peeled was practically an every summer occurrence. Research shows that 5 or more sunburns in childhood doubles your risk of melanoma and even one bad sunburn which causes blistering can double the risk as well.

It is important to examine yourself and to visit a dermatologist regularly to get a full-body exam, especially an examination of areas you cannot see yourself. Think your back and the crown of your head, for example. Melanoma can develop anywhere, including the back of the eye and between the toes.

When examining yourself, pay close attention to any moles or anything that appears unusual on the skin.

When examining yourself, keep in mind the ABCDE’s of melanoma.

  • A is for Asymmetry. Melanoma lesions are not usually round. One side is usually larger than the other.
  • B is for Border. The border of a melanoma lesion is usually irregular.
  • C is for Color. Melanoma lesions are often not the same color throughout. They may be black, red, tan, brown, white, or blue.
  • D is for Diameter. Melanoma lesions are often larger than other moles on the body. Any blemish or mole larger than the eraser on a pencil should be of concern.
  • E is for Evolving. Be concerned about any skin lesion that changes over a period of weeks or months.

Combatting melanoma is a constant battle here in Arizona. Good luck.

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